2013 A REVIEW

History of 2013 a review for your knowledge

January 6             India–Pakistan border incidents begin.

February 12          Indian helicopter bribery scandal came to light

February 15          A meteor explodes over the Russian city of Chelyabinsk, injuring 1,491 people and damaging over 4,300 buildings.

February 21          Terror attacks on Hyderabad (India) in Dilsukhnagar area

March 8                Anti-Sri Lanka protests by Students Federation for Freedom of Tamil Eelam in Tamil Nadu

May 26                  Mumbai Indians won the Series in 6th season of IPL by defeating Chennai Super Kings

May 15                   In a study published in the scientific journal Nature, researchers from Oregon Health & Science University in the United States describe the first creation of human embryonic stem cells by cloning.

June 6                   American Edward Snowden discloses operations engaged by a US government mass surveillance program to news publications and flees the country, later being granted temporary asylum in Russia.

June 14–30           Flash floods and landslides in the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh kill more than 5,700 people and trap more than 20,000.

July 15                   The world sent its last telegram when India's state-owned telecom company shut its 163-year-old telegraph service

August 21              Syrian Civil War: Syrian president Bashar al-Assad allegedly gasses several neighborhoods surrounding Damascus in the Ghouta chemical attack, leaving hundreds dead and sickening thousands of others.

August 28             The Indian rupee dropped by nearly 4% to a new low of 68.7 to the US dollar amid growing concerns over the health of the country's economy.

September 11        Four men were  death sentenced for assaulting a 23 year women on December 2012 in New Delhi, a gang rape which became a big issue over the Women Harassment.

September 13       Narendra Modi anointed Bharatiya Janata Party's prime ministerial candidate for Indian general election 2014.

September 30      Ex-Bihar Chief Minister Lalu Prasad Yadav convicted in fodder scam case.

November 5          The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) was successfully launched into Earth orbit by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

November 8         Typhoon Haiyan "Yolanda", one of the strongest tropical cyclones on record, hits the Philippines and Vietnam, causing devastation with at least 6,149 dead.

November 14         Sachin Tendulkar, God of Cricket, retired from all forms of Cricket game.

November 22       In the World Chess Championship 2013 Vishwanathan Anand lost to challenger Magnus Carlsen.

November 30       Paul Walker, an American actor, died on an accident.

December 5         Nelson Mandela, 1st President of South Africa and Nobel laureate, died at his 95^th age.

December 14         Chinese spacecraft Chang'e 3, carrying the Yutu rover, becomes the first spacecraft to "soft"-land on the Moon since 1976 and the third ever robotic rover to do so.

HIGHLIGHTS

The AAP party won 28 seats in the Delhi assembly elections and its leader Arvind Kejriwal has become the chief minister of the state.

DHOOM 3 – Box Office collection crossed 215.11 Crore which is ever high collection in Bollywood.

Delayed in the release of the film Vishawaroopam caused  60 Crore loss for Kamal Haasan yet it become Tamil Blockbuster of the Year 2013.

On 11 December, the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) community was left in despair after the Supreme Court overturned a landmark 2009 Delhi High Court ruling which had decriminalised gay sex.

Do you know why January 1 as First day of the year ?

THE HISTORY BEHIND JANUARY 1 AND APRIL 1

            Everyone knows January 1 as very first day of the year. But few only know that before 1564 April 1 was the first day of the year.

            This change is made to establish a universally accepted calendar called Gregorian calendar or Western Calendar. And the people who celebrated the 1^st of April as New Year were called as Foolish by the British people and the day was popularly known as the April fool’s Day.

            During this change over the calendar system of some countries some days has to be omitted. This omission is made to it did not correctly reflect the tropical year or solar year marked by Earth's revolution around the Sun. To get back in step with astronomical reality, a number of days were dropped in the new calendar, creating irregular months with only 18 days and odd dates like February 30.

                  Like UK some other countries also dropped some days and few of them are listed below.

Year	Country	Number of days dropped
1582	France (most areas) Italy Poland Portugal Spain	10 days
1583	Austria Germany (Catholic states)	10 days
1587	Hungary	10 days
1610	Germany (Prussia)	10 days
1752	Canada (most areas) United Kingdom (and colonies) United States (most areas)	11 days
1872/1873	Japan	12 days
1911/1912	China	12 days
1916	Bulgaria	13 days
1918	Estonia Russia	13 days
1923	Greece	13 days
1926/1927	Turkey	13 days

           

For more details http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year

Ancestor's Nazca Lines. Amazing one.

DO YOU KNOW ABOUT NAZCA LINES?

        

   The Nazca Lines are a series of ancient geoglyphs located in the Nazca Desert in southern Peru. They were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. The high, arid plateau stretches more than 80 kilometres (50 mi) between the towns of Nazca and Palpa on the Pampas de Jumana about 400 km south of Lima. Although some local geoglyphs resemble Paracas motifs, scholars believe the Nazca Lines were created by the Nazca culture between 400 and 650 AD. The hundreds of individual figures range in complexity from simple lines to stylized hummingbirds, spiders, monkeys, fish, sharks, orcas, and lizards.

The lines are shallow designs made in the ground by removing the reddish pebbles and uncovering the whitish/grayish ground beneath. Hundreds are simple lines or geometric shapes; more than seventy are zoomorphic designs of animals such as birds, fish, llamas, jaguar, monkey, or human figures. Other designs include phytomorphic shapes such as trees and flowers. The largest figures are over 200 metres (660 ft) across. Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs, but in general they ascribe religious significance to them. Other theories have been summarized as follows:

"The geometric ones could indicate the flow of water or be connected to rituals to summon water. The spiders, birds, and plants could be fertility symbols. Other possible explanations include: irrigation schemes or giant astronomical calendars.”

Due to the dry, windless, and stable climate of the plateau and its isolation, for the most part the lines have been preserved. Extremely rare changes in weather may temporarily alter the general designs. As of recent years, the lines have been deteriorating due to an influx of squatters inhabiting the lands.

Amazing Dec 25. One must know it.

Do you know what special in Dec 25 other than Christmas? Don't miss to watch this video.

Aliens forms Crop Circles?

CLICK HERE to know about the CROP CIRCLES

A crop circle is a sizable pattern created by the flattening of a crop such as wheat, barley, rye, maize, or rapeseed. Crop circles are also referred to as crop formations because they are not always circular in shape. The documented cases have substantially increased from the 1970s to current times. In 1991, two hoaxers claimed authorship of many circles throughout England.

Twenty-six countries reported approximately 10,000 crop circles in the last third of the 20th century; 90% of those were located in southern England. Many of the formations appearing in that area are positioned near ancient monuments, such as Stonehenge. According to one study, nearly half of all circles found in the UK in 2003 were located within a 15 km (9.3 miles) radius of Avebury.[1] Archeological remains can cause cropmarks in the fields in the shapes of circles and squares, but they do not appear overnight, and they are always in the same places every year.

to know more: www.circularsite.com

Why christmas is celebrate on Dec 25 ?

December 25

December 25 is the traditional anniversary of the birth of Christ, but most scholars are unsure about the true date for Christ's birth.

The decision to celebrate Christmas on December 25 was made sometime during the fourth century by church bishops in Rome. They had a specific reason for doing so.

Having turned long ago from worshiping the one true God and creator of all things, many early cultures in the Roman empire had fallen into sun worship. Recognizing their dependence on the sun's yearly course in the heavens, they held feasts around the winter solstice in December when the days are shortest. As part of their festivals, they built bonfires to give the sun god strength and bring him back to life again. When it became apparent that the days were growing longer, there would be great rejoicing.

The church leaders in Rome decided to celebrate Christ's birth during the winter solstice in an attempt to Christianize these popular pagan celebrations. For the most part their efforts failed to make the people conform, and the heathen festivities continued. Today we find ourselves left with a bizarre marriage of pagan and Christian elements that characterizes our modern celebration of Christmas.

Regardless of the pagan background of so many December traditions, and whether or not Jesus was born on December 25th, our goal is still to turn the eyes of all men upon the true Creator and Christ of Christmas. The light of the world has come. And the Christmas season and celebration presents the church with a wonderful opportunity to preach the good news--that men can be made righteous and have peace with God through faith in His Son, Jesus Christ.

CARBON MONOXIDE TO SYNTHETIC FUEL

Synthetic fuels could be produced from carbon monoxide, thanks to bacteria catalyst

Scientists have found an enzyme that could be used to catalyse the conversion of polluted air to create synthetic fuels, according to a report published in the journal Science.

Researchers at the University of California, Irvine, isolated a particular enzyme, vanadium nitrogenase, in the bacteria, Azotobacter vinelandii, commonly found in soil. Markus Ribbe and his team found that the enzyme – which converts nitrogen into ammonia to build some of life’s essentials, such as DNA and proteins – can also convert carbon monoxide (CO) into short chains of carbon two or three atoms long, such as propane – the blue-flamed gas used in kitchen stoves.

Research is ongoing, with the long-term goal of refining the process for industrial applications, such as the production of fuel from polluted air, Ribbe told Green Futures.The challenge is to convert CO into the longer chains of carbon atoms that make up petrol.

The development builds on a reaction known as the Fischer-Tropsch process, first developed in the 1920s to produce liquid fuel from coal. Concerns over peak oil have seen a revival of interest in the technology.

But despite a long history of interest in the conversion process, commercial viability remains some way off. Chris Goodall, author and Carbon Commentary blogger, cautions: “This technology is right on the edge. There are lots of people at the moment looking at different ways to turn short carbon molecules into long ones and exploit the energy gain, but we are 10-15 years away from this being achieved.”

– Flemmich Webb

- See more at: http://www.forumforthefuture.org/greenfutures/articles/enzyme-turns-polluted-air-fuel#sthash.SWVoiPO4.dpuf

GEORGE CARLIN'S QUOTE

GEORGE CARLIN

THE AMERICAN DREAM

10 COMMANDMENTS TO LIFE

GEORGE'S SPEECH

BLOOD RAIN

BLOOD RED RAIN IN SRILANKA

2013

Major World Events in 2013

o   China Moon Rover Lands on Moon. (12-10-2013, 16 Records)

o   Nelson Mandela Dies at 95. (12-04-2013, 132 Records)

o   Iran Nuclear Deal. (11-22-2013, 33 Records)

o   Super Typhoon Haiyan Davastates Philippines. (11-07-2013, 65 Records)

o   US government shutdown. (10-01-2013, 32 Records)

o   Kenya Mall Attack. (09-21-2013, 19 Records)

o   Washington DC Navy Yard Shooting. (09-17-2013, 21 Records)

o   Tokyo Japan wins to host 2020 Olympics. (09-07-2013, 12 Records)

o   Microsoft buys Nokia mobile phone business at $7.2 billiion. (09-02-2013, 44 Records)

o   NASDAQ in error for three hours during trading time. (08-21-2013, 12 Records)

o   Syria Chemical Attack Allegation. (08-21-2013, 77 Records)

o   Spain train crash. (07-25-2013, 8 Records)

o   Detroit files for bankruptcy. (07-18-2013, 45 Records)

o   Boeing 777 Crashes at San Francisco Airport. (07-06-2013, 18 Records)

o   Egypt Army Ousts President Mursi. (06-22-2013, 347 Records)

o   US NSA Prism Program. (06-06-2013, 175 Records)

o   Baltimore cruise ship fire in Caribbean. (05-27-2013, 2 Records)

o   London shocked after brutal machete attack. (05-22-2013, 8 Records)

o   Huge tornado hits Oklahoma. (05-20-2013, 30 Records)

o   Scientists successfully cloned human stem cells. (05-17-2013, 3 Records)

o   Yahoo buy Tumblr for $1.1 billion. (05-17-2013, 82 Records)

o   Bangladesh Factory Collapse, Over 700 Dead. (05-05-2013, 20 Records)

o   Deadly earthquake hits China Sichuan. (04-18-2013, 30 Records)

o   Boston Marathon Blasts . (04-16-2013, 254 Records)

o   Margaret Thatcher Dies at 87. (04-07-2013, 59 Records)

o   The rise of bitcoin. (03-20-2013, 188 Records)

o   Cyprus plans to tax bank deposits. (03-17-2013, 60 Records)

o   Meteorites injured hundreds in Russia. (02-14-2013, 45 Records)

o   Pope Benedict XVI resigned. (02-10-2013, 212 Records)

o   About 230 Dead During Brazil Nightclub Fire. (01-27-2013, 17 Records)

o   Algeria Hostage Crisis. (01-16-2013, 69 Records)

o   Stampede During New Year Fireworks in Ivory Coast. (01-01-2013, 9 Records)

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