The Nazca Lines are a series of ancient geoglyphs located in the Nazca Desert in southern Peru. They were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. The high, arid plateau stretches more than 80 kilometres (50 mi) between the towns of Nazca and Palpa on the Pampas de Jumana about 400 km south of Lima. Although some local geoglyphs resemble Paracas motifs, scholars believe the Nazca Lines were created by the Nazca culture between 400 and 650 AD. The hundreds of individual figures range in complexity from simple lines to stylized hummingbirds, spiders, monkeys, fish, sharks, orcas, and lizards.
The lines are shallow designs made in the ground by removing
the reddish pebbles and uncovering the whitish/grayish ground beneath. Hundreds
are simple lines or geometric shapes; more than seventy are zoomorphic designs
of animals such as birds, fish, llamas, jaguar, monkey, or human figures. Other
designs include phytomorphic shapes such as trees and flowers. The largest
figures are over 200 metres (660 ft) across. Scholars differ in interpreting
the purpose of the designs, but in general they ascribe religious significance
to them. Other theories have been summarized as follows:
"The geometric ones could indicate the flow of water or
be connected to rituals to summon water. The spiders, birds, and plants could
be fertility symbols. Other possible explanations include: irrigation schemes
or giant astronomical calendars.”
Due to the dry, windless, and stable climate of the plateau
and its isolation, for the most part the lines have been preserved. Extremely
rare changes in weather may temporarily alter the general designs. As of recent
years, the lines have been deteriorating due to an influx of squatters
inhabiting the lands.





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